8. Priority actions
8.1. Integrated
water management
8.2. Integrated and
sustainable coastal zone management
8.3. Combatting
desertification
8.4. The protection of
biodiversity
8.5. Sustainable tourism in
the Mediterranean
8.6. Integrated waste
management
8.7. Other necessary
actions: energy transport, air pollution, forests, forest fires,
etc.
8.1. The integrated water management
In the Mediterranean region there is sufficient water to meet demand if it is met by integrated management within a model of sustainable development. What is need is a policy that encourages saving water, reduces losses, rationalizes demand and combats pollution. Integrated management should create agreements between sectors, collectives, institutions and even different countries and mobilize them to achieve common plans. Sustainable management should value the existing reserves and resources and prevent, at all costs, growth in demand from leading to the loss of the resource due to over-exploitation or pollution. Integrated management of water must be linked to combatting desertification and protecting plant cover.
The priority actions to ensure integrated and sustainable water management, in the opinion of the Mediterranean NGOs, are:
1. To have a common strategy on water that affects the Mediterranean Basin as a whole and allows the rational use of the existing resources, the sustainable sharing on the basis of solidarity of the available water, and prevents confrontations over its use. This common strategy might be based on the Marseilles Declaration and the conclusions of the working group of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD), and is to be specified before the year 2000 in a future Protocol on the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Water in the Mediterranean Basin linked to the UN's Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean.
2. To establish, in the Mediterranean, integrated management of water within a model of sustainable development. To do this National Hydrological Plans and Watershed Plans will be established before the year 2002, which will mainly deal with: the existing water resources; guaranteeing the functioning of the dependent ecosystems; meeting demand in accordance with priority criteria in order to ensure the sustainable function of the system as a whole; fostering criteria of water saving, efficiency, prevention and protection of water and the resources that support it.
3. To decide upon a set of indicators of sustainability in the use of water. These indicators must reflect sustainability in:
- The environment the resource is extracted from.
- Demand for the resource.
- The management and price of the resource.
- The environment that will receive the discharges.
These indicators must refer to a specific proposed objective to attain sustainability. These indicators should serve to express quantitatively the increase or decrease of the distance from the proposed objective.
4. To adapt to bodies of water on land that are derived from rivers or pools the requirements made of discharges of contaminating substances referring to marine waters contained in the Washington Convention on the World Action Programme for the Protection of the Marine Environment from activities performed on land (UNEP, 1995) and in the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea from pollution caused by land-based sources and activities of the Barcelona Convention, by establishing a national plan to reduce/eliminate the priority pollutants.
5. To draw up national action plans, programmes and timetables "to eliminate progressively the inputs of persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances", as is laid down in Article 5 of the Protocol on land-based sources and activities of the Barcelona Convention (UNEP) and in accordance with the Strategic action Programme to combat pollution caused by land-based activities, and which was approved by the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP). We thus consider that the countries that have signed the protocol should be required to present these plans, programmes and timetables immediately and to establish specific dates for the fulfilment of the commitments contained in these programmes.
6. To eliminate gradually the discharge of sewage into the sea, with the year 2025 as the final year, as planned by the Strategic Action Plan to combat land-based activities approved by the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) at its tenth meeting (Tunisia, November 18-21, 1997). This obligation should be extended to include terrestrial fluvial areas. The progressive application of this policy by the Mediterranean EU States will imply the elimination of sewage discharges in cities of more than 15,000 inhabitants or the equivalent for the year 2000, and for the year 2005 for those of more than 10,000 inhabitants, and for towns with a population of over 2,000 if they discharge into freshwater or estuaries. The other cities in the Mediterranean States that do not belong to the European Union will have to cease discharging sewage in cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants by the year 2005, as they are obliged to do by the MAP, and by 2010 the cities with more that 50,000 inhabitants must have installed adequate water treatment systems All the cities in the Mediterranean will have adequate water treatment systems before the year 2025, as required by the MAP. The States will establish the plans and timetables to meet these commitments and which must be made public before 2000.
7. To implement gradually the "cease of emission, discharges and losses of dangerous substances before 2020 leaving levels close to the natural level and close to zero for man-made synthetic substances", in accordance with the Esberg Declaration for the North Sea (IV Conference on the North Sea, 1995). Zero emission of dangerous substances into marine waters must be incorporated into the national plans and programmes of the Mediterranean countries.
8. To establish a plan to combat pollution from diffuse sources, mainly those derived from chemical fertilizers (nitrates) and biocides. This diffuse pollution can be considered to be most serious in zones where aquifers are over-exploited (especially in the countries of the southern Mediterranean).
9. To promote among the citizens, the different levels of administration and the economic agents the need for the integrated and sustainable management of water by means of campaigns to raise public awareness and education projects on the use of water, a resources essential for all forms of life. We, the NGOs, will carry out programmes to show the need for the integrated and sustainable management of water, valuing measures to save water and combat waste, the need to avoid losses in supply and in irrigations channelling and to combat contamination.
10.To promote financing policies that tend to fix prices for water that include its real costs, including environmental costs and the risk of exhaustion, as well as agricultural waste and industrial pollution. These fiscal policies must contemplate meeting the minimum demand for drinking water for the population free of charge and establish a price structure based on the population's economic possibilities.
11.To establish solidarity plans for the international community with the countries of the south and east of the Mediterranean that are at risk of suffering economic hardship due to water deficiency. These countries must present national plans for the integrated management of their water resources, including measures that can be supported by the international community.
12.To show the NGO's support for the recommendations of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD), of which we form part, on demand for water and essentially in the fields of:
- Avoiding at all costs shortages of drinking water, giving it priority over all other uses.
- Assessing and supervising the quality and quantity of the water resources of each country (recognized by MAP-Phase II). This assessment is particularly important because in many countries non-renewable underground reserves are being exhausted and polluted, which will foreseeably lead to many conflicts. In these cases it is essential to aim for sustainable use of water.
- Establishing different standards for water quality depending on the use it is for, though this should not lead to the possibility that quality depends on the pollution allowed.
- Optimizing agricultural irrigation and distribution networks which now have average losses of 25%.
- Establishing adequate sewer systems
- Reusing treated water for industrial or agricultural uses, or to refill aquifers.
- Performing a long-term viability plan on all major infrastructure construction projects (transfers, digging wells, reservoirs, etc.), agricultural employment and the creation of new zones of residential or industrial development.
8.2. Integrated and sustainable coastal zone management
In the coastal zone of the Mediterranean there are a set of situations that require joint action by all the agents that operate there. Population, urban, industrial, tourist and infrastructure pressure are all leading to the disappearance of the greatest ecological value and causing major imbalances that affect human wellbeing.
The priority actions to ensure integrated and sustainable coastal management, in the opinion of the Mediterranean NGOs, are:
1. To improve the institutional framework for the integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones by establishing national, regional and local agencies to coordinate actions to guarantee cooperation between different administrative bodies, institutions and the organizations of civil society, especially NGOs.
2. By establishing stricter and more specific regulatory and legislative measures, by promoting a Protocol on the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Coastal Zones within the Barcelona Convention; by establishing or improving the National Laws governing the coastline that ensures that management of the coastal zones is integrated and sustainable; by approving regional and local land use plans for the coastline in all the countries before the year 2005.
3. To fix protective measures limiting urban growth in coastal areas, declaring at least 20% of the coastline as strictly protected; by developing the Protocol on Specially Protected Areas of the Barcelona Convention and the Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance and applying the international conventions (Biodiversity, Ramsar, Berne, etc.).
4. To establish data bases on good practice and other matters relating to the integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones that is being carried out in the Mediterranean Basin, by being able to use the structures of the MAP.
5. The creation of financial mechanisms that allow the application of specific pilot projects to act as positive examples to spread the idea of integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones. The performance of the projects should aim for the participation of all the sectors involved, mainly local administrations and NGOs.
6. The creation of a Fund for the protection of the coastline at the national and regional level managed by non-profit-making private bodies that would receive funds from additional taxes on the activities linked to development, contributions from different levels of administration, as well as from the public and international bodies.
7. The introduction of taxes on visitors applied by the authorities which should be invested, for this specific purpose, in those municipalities with a plan for the integrated and sustainable management of the entire area of the municipality that is coastal.
8. Priority action zones should be declared, such as: sensitive areas of ecological importance (coastal and marine), wetlands, coastal aquifers, cliffs and coves, poor zones in urban and rural areas, coastal areas subject to erosion, etc. And to promote local environmental audits and the application of the local Agenda 21.
9. To recognize the important role played by organized civil society in the context of sustainable development of coastal zones. Basically, this role of civil society is expressed through:
- democratic debate,
- coordination and mediation, and
- cooperation and participation.
And it is exercised through:
- information
- raising awareness,
- training,
- the management of projects and programmes (new forms of association) and
- the mobilization of resources.
The role of civil society is especially important due to its capacity to influence the decision-making and to its active participation in the performance of projects relating to the integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones.
10.The establishment of a Code of Good Practice for integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones to be applied by all the agents involved, both public and private.
11.The preparation of annual reports on the State of the coastal environment and reports on the implementation of assessment instruments, with the active participation of civil society.
12.To encourage cooperation with the active participation of NGOs that permits the structuring of civil society on the basis of the participation in project management in collaboration with other sectors, especially with local government. It should support the structuring of different sectors into networks in order to facilitate the establishment of identified mediators and to fix priorities in local, national and international level decision making.
13.To develop legal and institutional instruments that allow coordination of the different agents participating in integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones, such as environmental impact assessments, the Agenda 21, surveys, local, regional and national Environment Councils, etc.
14.To foster working within networks by the agents of civil society in order to facilitate the emergence of clear interlocutors and to fix priorities in local, national and international level decision making.
15.Support for the municipal policies that allow different aspects of integrated and sustainable management of coastal zones:
a) Planning; having a municipal environmental management plan based on the application of the local Agenda 21.
b) Tourism: having an action plan for sustainable tourism that takes into account the conservation of ecological, cultural, historical and artistic values and the defense of environmental quality.
c) Ports: to prepare environmental audits and environmental management plans that include provision of installations for the reception and treatment of solid and liquid wastes from boats.
d) Town planning: town plans that restrict new constructions to ones that are more than 100 metres from the shore, that are no more than 3 storeys tall, and that prevent the creation of the barrier effect on the seafront.
e) Infrastructure: should only be performed after an Environmental Impact Assessment, and care should be taken to prevent them from becoming barriers that divide coastal zones.
f) Soils and forests: programmes to combat erosion and to protect forests by applying forestry policies and preparing plans to fight against forest fires.
g) Islands: preparing plans for integrated environmental management and sustainable development programmes.
h) Pollution: sewage treatment programmes and for the treatment of solid and liquid wastes.
8.3. Combatting desertification
Desertification, as shown in the Convention to Combat Desertification and in Chapter 12 of Agenda 21, is one of the world's most serious environmental problems, threatening the Earth's fertility and the food security of its population. Desertification is spreading due to climatic causes and human activities, both those performed in a single area and those performed all over the world (climate change). Some measures can only be taken at a general level, but others have to be taken at the regional, national or local level. Combatting desertification and the tasks to mitigate the effect of droughts require an integrated treatment of the physical, biological and socio-economic aspects. Desertification is an increasingly severe problem in the Mediterranean regions that has to be fought with concrete and feasible recommendations, adapted to the environmental, economic, social, cultural, scientific, technological and political characteristics and situations of each country.
To do this the Mediterranean NGOs propose the following lines of activity:
1. To approve, at the level of each State, a strategy to combat erosion and desertification in both the short and long term in the framework of a model of sustainable development. This strategy should fit within the framework of the Convention to Combat Desertification and Chapter 12 of Agenda 21 and its preparation must include the participation of all the sectors affected, especially local and regional communities, experts, farmers and NGOs.
2. To carry out programmes at the national, regional and local level with the participation of all the sectors involved, especially local communities and NGOs, that take into account:
- conservation of the environment to reduce the vulnerability of the soil
- the measures necessary to ensure the right to food and health are observed,
- to promote employment and new methods of self-support,
- to build the capacities and the training of young people, and
- support for raising social awareness and educating society.
3. To apply the precautionary principle in all policies to combat erosion and desertification, especially in zones that have suffered little or no degradation. This should take into account:
- the fragility of soils
- salination
- over-exploitation of underground waters
- decreases in agricultural productivity
- the loss of plant cover
- the social and economic costs, etc.
4. To guarantee the participation at all levels (local, regional, national and international) and of all the sectors of society when preparing the programmes. This requires establishment of the bodies needed to ensure participation is effective, especially the participation of local collectives and other sectors of society, especially NGOs. This must include participation by the persons most directly involved in the management, usage and advantages of the resources. In the case of desertification, there must be participation by small farmers (men and women), shepherds, nomads, etc., who are in close contact with the land. Local leaders, tribal chiefs, public employees are essential, as are technicians, researchers and NGOs.
5. To attach greater value to local experience and traditional know how, increasing the development of organic agriculture, by tending to avoid use of pesticides and using environment friendly techniques.
6. To make available to the different social agents all the results of research in order to assess their advantages. Programmes to train technicians and farmers in biological cultivation techniques should be considered.
7. Regulations should be strengthened to limit use of pesticides and agrochemical products.
8. To revise stockraising systems based on industrial techniques, instead encouraging extensive stockraising, local breeds, and in general to turn back the general trend for quantity at the cost of quality.
9. To reject the application of transgenic techniques in animal and agricultural production, as this may have unforeseeable and uncontrollable consequences. Because of this, we, the NGOs, have to help inform the public and counterbalance the deceptive publicity campaigns by multinational companies.
10.To ensure that the Action Plans contain specific measures, such as:
- creation of financial instruments
- introduction and recovery of crops resistant to drought and salination
- measures intended to protect natural resources
- diversification of energy sources to prevent abusive use of wood, and especially fostering solar and wind power, and
- to promote the design and application of integrated water management plans to deal with droughts, measures that should be taken in years of abundance.
11.To ensure that the Action Plans to combat erosion and desertification are fully coordinated with the other programmes: food security and combatting poverty, integrated water management, protection of biodiversity and climate change.
12.To foster collaboration agreements between the donor countries and the States affected by desertification, integrating these agreements into the national action programmes, and clearly defining the role of each partner, the role of the donor institutions and governments and that of the NGOs, in accordance with the role that has been assigned them within the Convention.
13.To guarantee the constant circulation of information at all levels. Agricultural information services and NGOs can help to build collective capacities in the field of "participatory programming". Local knowledge must be used at the regional and national level. The results obtained must be transmitted to ensure cooperation between peoples, as well as the coordinated management of the regional environment.
14.To increase the level of awareness and education of the sectors involved, with the participation of NGOs and the official training mechanisms by means of:
a) The organization of campaigns to raise the awareness of the general population, and their participation in educational activities and those seeking to raise public awareness.
b) Updating and exchanging educational and public information material in the local languages.
c) Assessing the needs of schools and preparing appropriate programmes for them.
d) Publicizing the measures that help save natural resources by means of integrated and sustainable management of these resources, including agricultural and pastoral land, the plant cover, water resources, biological diversity, the promotion of alternative energy sources, especially, solar power, wind power and geothermal energy, and favour the transfer, acquisition and adaptation of technologies suitable for reducing pressure on fragile natural resources.
15.To propose the coordination of Appendixes I (Africa), III (Asia) and IV (North Mediterranean) of the Convention to Combat Desertification by holding a Mediterranean Conference in Spain, that would seek to intensify cooperation between Mediterranean countries to combat desertification. The organizations involved, such as the European Union, the United Nations, and the World Bank shall associate, jointly with the representatives of the States, the NGOs, the local and regional authorities, and as far as possible, with the representatives of the private sector. An RAC could be set up within the framework of the MAP to favour this coordination.
8.4. Protection of biodiversity
The NGO members of MED Forum held a debate, with the participation of numerous NGOs, university centres and institutions, on the International Convention on Biological Diversity. This debate was held during the IV Mediterranean Environmental Forum, held in Barcelona on December 14, 1996, and adopted the following resolutions:
In relation to the Contracting Parties:
1. The Convention should be signed and ratified by all the Mediterranean States that have still not signed and ratified it.
2. The preparation, in a highly participatory way, of national strategies, plans and programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, ensuring that Mediterranean matters and priorities are included and suitably addressed.
3. The integration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and the fair sharing of the profits generated by the use of genetic resources, should be included within the sectorial or inter-sectorial plans, programmes and policies, within decision-taking at the national level and within multilateral and bilateral cooperation plans, especially in sectors such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism.
4. The fulfilment by each government of the following obligations:
a) The identification and monitoring of the components of biological diversity that are of importance, in order to ensure their conservation and sustainable use.
b) Identification and monitoring of the processes and categories of activities that have, or may have, detrimental effects.
c) The organization and maintenance of a data base derived from these identification and monitoring activities.
5. The introduction of the appropriate and participatory procedures that enforce the performance of environmental impact assessments in projects that may have detrimental effects and of the programmes and policies that may have a major negative impact.
6. The regulation, management and control of the risks associated with the use and release of genetically modified organisms produced by biotechnology.
7. The participation and access to information by NGOs and of local populations when carrying out the Convention.
8. The national regulation of access to genetic resources, which will have to consider, among other things, the following questions: access agreements, return of the profits, participation in research and in its results, and technology transfer.
9. The establishment of cooperation programmes relating to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, at both the governmental and non-governmental level, taking into consideration the special need of the developing countries.
10.The contribution by the developed countries and those of the European Union of financial resources complementary to those established by the Convention's financial mechanism, which may be used by developing countries through bilateral, regional or multilateral channels, giving priority to the Mediterranean region and taking into account the special conditions and vulnerability of the environment in these countries.
In relation to the Convention and its organs:
11.The assignation to the developing countries of financial resources to fulfil the objectives of the Convention and in accordance with its priorities, whether from the Convention's own internal financing mechanism, from the GEF or from other international institutions or programmes, bearing in mind both the needs of governments and those of NGOs and of the local populations.
12.Contributing to the articulation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, both at the international and national level, with other international agreements that are of relevance to the region, such as the Convention to Combat Desertification and the Law of the Sea, as well as regional conservation agreements such as the Protocol developed within the framework of the Barcelona Convention, and with agreements in sectors such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, tourism and commerce, in order to ensure their coherence and the greatest efficiency in their application.
In relations to the NGOs:
13.The active participation in the international negotiations of the Convention and especially in the meetings of the Conferences of the Parties and in the intersession meetings on marine and coastal ecosystems, biodiversity and knowledge of indigenous and local communities, to ensure their focus and results are in keeping with the region's needs.
14.To include within the projects carried out by the Mediterranean NGOs the principles and approaches of the Convention and to promote projects from within civil society that contribute to putting this into practice.
15.Conservation in situ, especially by means of:
a) The promotion of sustainable models of development, especially in zones adjacent to protected spaces.
b) The restoration and rehabilitation of degraded zones where biological diversity has been decreased.
16.The promotion, preservation and maintenance of the knowledge, innovations and practices of the local populations, promoting their wider application and fostering the equitable distribution of the benefits that result.
17.Informing, educating, training, and raising the awareness of the different sectors of society of the need for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and especially the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as collaborating with governments and international organizations in the development of training and educational programmes and ones to raise public awareness.
8.5. Sustainable tourism in the Mediterranean
Mass tourism is partly responsible for the environmental problems that the Mediterranean is now suffering, which are derived from intense urban development, but its responsibility is no greater than other economic activities that occur on the Mediterranean's shoreline, such as industry.
But tourist activity, if it includes the criteria of sustainable development, is one of the activities that best adapt to the site and which can contribute to the preservation and management of resources that might otherwise be degraded or even lost. Sustainable tourism, in addition to being economically viable, has to be socially just in terms of the redistribution of the wealth that it generates.
The priority actions to be performed in order to make mass tourism in the more sustainable, according to the Mediterranean NGOs, are:
1. To strengthen the implementation of sustainable tourism throughout the Mediterranean. The different levels of public administration, international bodies, companies, NGOs, and civil society in general, each of them from their respective areas of social participation, must speed up this process. To facilitate the necessary exchange of information and experiences in this field, it is proposed to create a forum of debate in the framework of the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) in which all the sectors linked to tourism are represented at the same level.
2. To prevent excessive concentration and mass tourism by respecting the carrying capacity of the area. To achieve this, tourism must be planned with criteria of sustainability, so that it is ecologically viable in the long term, and does not lead to loss of social structure where it consolidates.
3. To develop special policies for the protection of the coastal strip, as this small and fragile zone suffers the most negative impacts of tourism. Two types of special protective measure must be adopted. The first is to strengthen definitively the creation of the Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) within the Barcelona Convention, and the second is to declare, in accordance with the various national, regional and local responsibilities, protected spaces with different levels of protection and within a framework of land use planning, both of unbuilt spaces and built-up areas.
4. To diversify and differentiate tourist destinations by rejecting standardization, by strengthening the individual features of each tourist destination, and by renovating the offer of the current "sunshine and beach" model, which is and will continue to be a key element in the Mediterranean's tourist offer. For this change to occur, local communities have to play a key role. We consider that the development of local Agenda 21s is the best instrument for the participation of the whole of civil society in land planning and management, and thus we consider that State and regional administrations must put into practice technical and financial support plans so that all the local administrations can develop their own Agenda 21.
5. To avoid the reductionist association that "accommodation = tourist destination" by offering integrated tourist products of cultural and landscape interest and revealing more of the region and the society, by incorporating inland areas and avoiding (especially on the coast) the creation of closed tourist complexes and the privatization of the coastline. Furthermore, the supply of accommodation should be reclassified to strengthen models of tourist accommodation that are not excessively concentrated, and that are distinctive, consume less resources and are more integrated in their local area and culture.
6. To adapt the offer of tourist facilities and products to reduce their seasonality. The archeological, urban, artistic and natural heritage of the Mediterranean means that it is possible to restructure the tourist offer. Exhibitions, shows, festivals, fairs, displays based on monuments, turning certain establishments into museums, and the opening of new museums, are all formulas that contribute to the staggering the occupation of accommodation, as long as measures are adopted to ensure sustainability and to avoid converting the cultural bases we are seeking to strengthen into something banal or causing them to deteriorate.
7. To foster long stays and to prevent lightning visits, especially when the journeys are long distances. A change in the offer is required for this to happen, and this requires the cooperation of the large European tour operators, as well as a change in the timing of people's holiday dates, which should not be renounced even though it is very difficult, and a change in habits, to which the NGOs can contribute from their role of rising awareness.
8. To increase the value attached to the Mediterranean's natural values. The new offer has to strengthen the association between culture, nature, leisure and tourism so that the area in question plays the leading role in the tourist offer. It is proposed that, with the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity as a reference, a Mediterranean strategy should be defined for biological and landscape diversity. To avoid duplications, a debate is proposed on the directives of the other strategies in operation, such as the Pan-European Strategy for Biological and Landscape Diversity promoted by the Council of Europe. Representatives of all society, and of course of NGOs, must participate in this process.
9. To demand transparency in all decisions relating to tourism, given the magnitude of the repercussions at all levels that tourism has in the Mediterranean. We, the NGOs, request that all the information on the development of tourism should be made public so that it can be publicly debated. We also request to be treated as equals in the discussion forums on tourism in the Mediterranean so that the planning and management of tourism is really a process in which the whole of society participates.
10.To inform, educate and raise the awareness of the different groups that operate in the tourist destinations in the Mediterranean (residents, productive sectors, public managers, tourists) on the changes undergone in the demand and the specific features of sustainable tourism. The idea is to spread the values of sustainable development. NGOs can and should play a major role in achieving this.
11.To strengthen programmes to raise public awareness of the need for sustainable tourism in the Mediterranean, such as "MED Project ULIXES 21", which aims to educate tourists about the environment both in their countries of origin and when they are on holiday. These programmes should receive further support from institutions and from economic agents.
12.To spread the best examples of sustainable tourism, both on a broad and on a focused level, to encourage its implantation at a general level. "ULIXES 21" will establish a programme from a network of NGOs, such as MED Forum to spread these examples throughout the Mediterranean on its web page.
8.6. Integrated waste management
x
8.7. Other necessary actions: energy, transport, atmospheric pollution, forests, forest fires, etc.
(To be drafted. We left this section open to written communications from NGOs or experts to be sended to the international preparatory committee of MED Forumīs Agenda 2000. These communications have to propose action guidelines, numbered as in the rest of this chapter, and they must be 1 page long maximum).